Your Questions About Women's Platforms

Nancy asks…

Abolitionist and the Women's movement?

How did the goals of the abolitionist and the women's movement differ?

Our pick of the answers:

1776 Abigail Adams writes to her husband, President John Adams, asking him to "remember the ladies" in the new code of laws. Adams replies that men will fight the "despotism of the petticoat." 1787 U.S. Constitutional Convention places voting qualifications in the hands of the states. Women in all states except New Jersey lose the right to vote. 1807 Women lose the right to vote in New Jersey, the last state to revoke the right. Women join the abolitionist movement. 1848 First Women's Rights convention in Seneca Falls, N.Y. Equal suffrage proposed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. It is adopted. 1850 Women's rights convention held in Salem, Ohio. First national women's rights convention held in Worcester, Mass. 1850-1861 Annual women's rights conventions held. The last, in 1861, in Albany, N.Y., lobbies for a liberalized divorce bill. 1861-1865 Civil War Over the objections of Susan B. Anthony, women put aside suffrage activities to help the war effort. 1867 14th Amendment passes Congress, defining citizens as "male;" this is the first use of the word male in the Constitution. Kansas campaigns for black and women's suffrage both lose. Suffrage movement divides over black vs. Women's suffrage. 1868 14th Amendment ratified. 15th Amendment passes Congress, giving the vote to black men. Women petition to be included but are turned down. In New Jersey, 172 women try to vote; their ballots are ignored. 1869 Frederick Douglass and others back down from women's suffrage to concentrate on fight for black male suffrage. National Woman Suffrage Association formed with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president. 1870 15th Amendment ratified. The Grimke sisters, now quite aged, and 42 other women try to vote in Mass-achusetts, their ballots are cast but ignored. Utah territory grants woman suffrage. (see opposite page) 1872 Susan B. Anthony and supporters arrested for voting. Anthony's sisters and 11 other women held for $500 bail. Anthony is held for $1,000 bail. 1873 Denied a trial by jury, Anthony loses her case and is fined. 1878 Women's suffrage amendment first introduced in U.S. Congress. 1882 The House and Senate appoint committees on women's suffrage, both report favorably. 1884 Belva Lockwood runs for president. 1886 Women protest being excluded from the dedication ceremonies for the statue of liberty. Suffrage amendment reaches the U.S. Senate floor; it is defeated two to one. 1907 Harriet Stanton Blatch forms what becomes the Women's Political Union. She introduces the English suffragists' tactics of parades, street speakers and pickets. 1910 Washington state grants women's suffrage. 1911 California grants women's suffrage. 1912 Teddy Roosevelt's Progressive Party includes women's suffrage in its platform. Oregon, Arizona and Kansas grant women suffrage. 1913 Women's suffrage parade on the eve of Wilson's inauguration is attacked by a mob. Hundreds of women are injured; no arrests are made. Alaskan Territory grants suffrage. Illinois grants municipal and presidential but not state suffrage to women. 1917 NWP posts silent "Sentinels of Liberty" at the White House. In June, the arrests begin. Nearly 500 women are arrested, 168 women serve time, some are brutalized by their jailers. North Dakota, Indiana, Nebraska and Michigan grant presidential suffrage; Arkansas grants primary suffrage. New York, South Dakota and Oklahoma grant suffrage. 1918 The jailed suffragists released from prison. Arrests ruled illegal. President Wilson declares support for suffrage. Suffrage Amendment passes U.S. House with two-thirds vote but loses by two votes in the Senate. 1919 The NWP lights and guards a "Watchfire for Freedom." It is maintained until the Suffrage Amendment passes U.S. Senate on June 4. The battle for ratification by at least 36 states begins. 1920 The 19th Amendment, called the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, is ratified by Tennessee in August.

Lisa asks…

Political Party Platforms: Democratic, Republican, and Progressive?

I am very interested in the 1912 election. What were the beliefs of these candidates? I would like a short summary of the political party platforms upon which each of the three candidates campaigned. Democrat: Woodrow Wilson Republican: William H. Taft Progressive: Theodore Roosevelt

Our pick of the answers:

Progressives platform called for women's suffrage, recall of judicial decisions, easier amendment of the U.S. Constitution, social welfare legislation for women and children, workers' compensation, limited injunctions in strikes, farm relief, revision of banking to assure an elastic currency, required health insurance in industry, new inheritance taxes and income taxes, improvement of inland waterways, and limitation of naval armaments, the building of two new battleships a year. They blocked an anti-trust plank, thus shocking reformers who saw Roosevelt as a true trust-buster. The result was a deep split in the new party that was never resolved. Roosevelt's philosophy for the Progressive Party was based around New Nationalism, which was the belief in a strong government to regulate industry and protect the middle and working classes. The Democratic platform addressed: Tariff Reform that the Federal government, under the Constitution, as no right or power to impose or collect tariff duties, except for the purpose of revenue. The high Republican tariff is the principal cause of the unequal distribution of wealth; Anti-Trust Law favor the vigorous enforcement of the criminal as well as the civil law against trusts and trust officials, and demand the enactment of such additional legislation as may be necessary to make it impossible for a private monopoly to exist in the United States. Rights of the States. We denounce as usurpation the efforts of our opponents to deprive the States of any of the rights reserved to them, and to enlarge and magnify by indirection the powers of the Federal government. Income Tax and Popular Election of Senators we call upon the people of all the States to rally to the support of the pending propositions and secure their ratification. Presidential Primary The movement toward more popular government should be promoted through legislation in each State which will permit the expression of the preference of the electors for national candidates at presidential primaries. Campaign Contributions We pledge the Democratic party to the enactment of a law prohibiting any corporation from contributing to a campaign fund and any individual from contributing any amount above a reasonable maximum. Term of President We favor a single Presidential term, and to that end urge the adoption of an amendment to the Constitution making the President of the United States ineligible to reelection, and we pledge the candidates of this Convention to this principle. We approve the measure reported by the Democratic leaders in the House of Representatives for the creation of a council of national defence, which will determine a definite naval program with a view to increased efficiency and economy. The party that proclaimed and has always enforced the Monroe Doctrine, and was sponsor for the new navy, will continue faithfully to observe the constitutional requirements to provide and maintain an adequate and well-proportioned navy sufficient to defend American policies, protect our citizens and uphold the honor and dignity of the nation. Republican ExtravagancennWe denounce the profligate waste of the money wrung from the people by oppressive taxation through the lavish appropriations of recent Republican Congresses, which have kept taxes high and reduced the purchasing power of the people's toil. We demand a return to that simplicity and economy which befits a Democratic government and a reduction in the number of useless offices, the salaries of which drain the substance of the people. Railroads, Express Companies, Telegraph and Telephone Lines We favor the efficient supervision and rate regulation of railroads, express companies, telegraph and telephone lines engaged in interstate commerce. Banking Legislation We oppose the so-called Aldrich bill or the establishment of a central bank; Post Roads We favor national aid to State and local authorities in the construction and maintenance of post roads. Rights of Labor We pledge the Democratic party to the enactment of a law creating a department of labor, We pledge the Democratic party, so far as the Federal jurisdiction extends, to an employ workmens compensation law providing adequate indemnity for injury to body or loss of life. The Philippines We reaffirm the position thrice announced by the Democracy in national convention assembled against a policy of imperialism and colonial exploitation in the Philippines or elsewhere. Pensions We renew the declaration of our last platform relating to a generous pension policy. The Republicans included Monopoly and Privilege The Republican party is opposed to special privilege and to monopoly. It will take no backward step to permit the reestablishment in any degree of conditions which were intolerable. The Tariff We reaffirm our belief in a protective tariff. Banking and Currency The Republican party has always stood for a sound currency and for safe banking methods. It is responsible for the resumption of specie payments and for the establishment of the gold standard. It is committed to the progressive development of our banking and currency systems. Campaign Contributions We favor such additional legislation as may be necessary more effectually to prohibit corporations from contributing funds, directly or indirectly, to campaigns for the nomination or election of the President, the Vice-President, Senators, and Representatives in Congress. The Navy We believe in the maintenance of an adequate navy for the National defence, and we condemn the action of the Democratic House of Representatives in refusing to authorize the construction of additional ships. Philippine Policy The Philippine policy of the Republican party has been and is inspired by the belief that our duty toward the Filipino people is a national obligation which should remain entirely free from partisan polities. Immigration We pledge the Republican party to the enactment of appropriate laws to give relief from the constantly growing evil of induced or undesirable immigration, which is inimical to the progress and welfare of the people of the United States

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